Caesium-137 Poisoning

Caesium-137 has a half-life of about 30 years. However, as it is highly water soluble, in actual uses cesium-137 ions are easily accumulated in the body, where their biological half-life is 110 days.

Chemical Structure

Radiocaesium (caesium-137 or cesium-137) is a byproduct resulted from the nuclear fission of uranium. Caesium most commonly forms chemical compounds in the form of salts, which are highly water soluble.

Uses

  • Radiation therapy in medicine (to treat cancer)
  • Moisture density gauges
  • Thickness gauges (for paper, metal etc.) in constructions
  • Liquid flow gauges in pipelines, tanks etc.
  • Atomic clocks
  • Isotopes in the nuclear industry (reactors, weapons etc.)
  • Dating wine
  • Detection of counterfeit products

Toxicity

People can be exposed to caesium-137 through nuclear fallout or, more commonly, through water-soluble products that contain traces, which thus carry beta and gamma radiation to the tissues (with higher concentrations accumulating in muscle tissue).

Exposure to caesium-137 can lead to cancer. If the exposure is very high, it can lead to instant death (this, however, is a rare case).