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Skin Cancer
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Environmental Pollution
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Skin Cancer Prevention (Risk Minimization)

Although there is no guarantee, any measure that reduces any of the risk factors results in a decrease and possible elimination of skin cancer development risk (at some point in life). Such preventive measures include:
  • Minimization (but NOT complete elimination) of sun exposure – especially recommended in susceptible population (e.g., with fair skin, higher genetic risk) and especially during peak radiation times (such as in the middle of the day). Please note that some sun exposure (in moderate amounts) when UV radiation is less strong is actually recommended. This is due to the benefic action of sun in vitamin D formation which is important for a good function of the immune system. The immune system plays an important role (being one of the risk factors of skin cancer) in developing the skin cancer. In fact, people with weak immune system are more prone to develop skin and other types of cancers. This is confirmed by the fact that some skin cancers develop in areas usually not exposed to the sun and that other factors (such as pollution) may be significant factors even in the absence of sun exposure. Also, sun exposure is less important in developing melanoma type of cancer, poor immune system being a more important factor for this type of cancer. Additionally, it should be noted that melanin (the pigment that gives rise to tan) is a protective agent against mutagenic molecules causing cancer. According to R. Barnhill’s publication (in Journal of National Cancer Institute 2005, 97, 195-199), people with melanoma survive longer if they have more sun exposure.
  • Practice of sun safety measures when exposed to the sun for a long time or during radiation peak hours (around noon) - even in home or while driving - including:
    • the most common sun safety measure being the already “classic” application of sunscreens on a regular basis (and especially for prolonged exposures or during peak hours). Since we are exposed to the sun even while driving or through the home windows, it may be wise to wear some sunscreen on a regular basis over the face, neck and hands especially during peak radiation hours (if applicable). The waterproofs sunscreens with a protective factor of 30 or higher are preferred. Additional, repetitive application of sunscreen is recommended for prolonged activities under sun, especially those involving physical effort resulting in sweating (which may interfere with the sunscreen protection)
    • wearing protective clothing and hats (such as those broad brimmed) is also recommended during peak radiation hours or for prolonged activity in the sun.
  • Avoiding tanning beds – UV radiation exposure should be minimized, especially intense sessions.
  • Prevention or minization of pollution exposure – environmental pollution may be a significant risk factor for developing skin cancer as well as many other diseases. Thus, minimization of pollution exposure is highly recommended. Please, click the link above for a practical guide of pollution prevention.
  • Good skin care routine – by application of sunscreens on a regular basis when exposed to sun (especially for prolonged exposures or during peak hours) and regular personal surveillance (examination) in order to identify and evaluate any changes. It is recommended to consult a dermatologist if the changes look abnormal or have any of the symptoms usually associated with skin cancer.
  • Regular medical check-ups are recommended for individuals with risk factors or those with previous cases of skin cancer.
  • Awareness through knowledge and regular updates – since skin cancer can easily be detected very early by self examination, the more informed a person is, the more capable will be to not only detect but also self evaluate any skin changes for cancer risks. Additionally, knowing the latest discoveries of risk factors can help taking preventive actions, especially critical in susceptible population